Cookery of the cheaper cuts of beef

Citation: Perry, Clara Jeanette. A sheet of paper. Senior thesis, Kansas State Agricultural College, 1898.Morse Department of Special CollectionsIntroduction: The subject of the cookery of the cheaper cuts of meats is one which is probably very little thought of, and much less studied. One concludes that unless he can pay a good price and secure the popular or choice cuts, that he must go without meat or limit it to a very great extent in his dietary. This conclusion is erroneous because the cheaper meats are as nutritious and often more highly flavored than some of the more expensive cuts. It is true that the most of the cheaper meats require a greater length of time for cooking. This is no factor against them in winter because as a rule the fire is kept up most of the day, and it is no waste of fuel to cook the meat a long time; even in summer there are usually several days of each week when long fires are used. Since the invention of the fireless cooker, there is no reason why every one should not own one as they are of little or no expense. With this cooker the extra cost and inconvenience of keeping up a fire on a summer day is dispensed with. If, then, we can cook cheap meat both winter and summer without extra expense for fuel, and since the meat is as nutritious and often more highly flavored, does it not pay to give a little study to the ways to prepare the cheaper cuts to take the place of high priced, but no more nutritious cuts? "Many people cannot afford to buy the expensive meats for every day use, and, having the false idea that the cheaper pieces are undesirable, they deprive themselves of much needed proteid; or if they buy meat they must lessen the cost by going without some other necessary article of diet. In either case the body is not properly nourished. A bulletin on Scientific Research, in treating the subject of errors in food economy, states that

Wave induced sediment transport on intertidal flats in a fetch limited environment, Pine Harbour Marina, Auckland

This study investigates the nature of sediments and the role of tides, currents, waves and winds in driving sediment transport on the intertidal flats and shallow subtidal areas in the vicinity of Pine Harbour Marina which is situated in a shallow embayment adjoining Tamaki Strait in Hauraki Gulf, northeast North Island, New Zealand. The results from these investigations along with the study of the marina approach channel and dredge spoil dump site are used to examine the causes of sediment infilling the approach channel to the marina. This work was undertaken in support of two resource consents (W9205 and W9258) granted to Pine Harbour Marina by the Auckland Regional Council to undertake maintenance dredging to excavate 4,500 m3 of sediment from the navigation approach channel between June and October 1994. The sediments of the intertidal and shallow subtidal regions in the vicinity of Pine Harbour Marina were characterised and sediment mixing depths and transport patterns investigated with sedimentation rods, tracer studies, beach surveys and hydrographic surveys. The forcing processes of tide, wave, current and wind in the embayment were also investigated with hydrodynamic monitoring and a wave generation model for fetch limited environments was used to hind cast wave conditions. The data was collected, in conjunction with a monitoring program of the physical impacts of the 1994 dredging, to identify sediment transport pathways and to obtain quantitative sediment volume changes over the intertidal and subtidal channel areas. Pine Harbour Marina is situated in a fetch limited low wave energy environment, dominated by local wind generated waves. Wave generation model WGEN3DD for limited fetches, was set up to hind cast wave conditions from wind data recorded at the site. The wave climate is characterised by wave heights (Hₛ) between 0.1 m to 0.4 m, and wave periods (Tₛ) between 1.0 and 2.0 s. Large wave events are rare, but wave heights (Hₛ) up to 0.5 m and periods (Tₛ) of 2.5 s are generated by wind speeds greater than 10 m/s from the northwest where fetch is greatest. Wind driven circulation is important over the shallow intertidal region. On a day-to-day basis suspended sediment is transported north driven by the prevailing south-westerly winds. However large infrequent storms from the north have a greater impact on sediment transport over short time periods where significant volumes of sediment are entrained beneath high energy waves. Greater sediment transport occurs over the intertidal region than the subtidal region because sediment threshold velocities are more frequently exceeded in the shallower water depths. Thus sediment deposited in the approach channel to Pine Harbour Marina is infrequently entrained as wave orbital velocities are attenuated before they reach the bed in the deeper water. A sediment tracer experiment was undertaken using artificial fluorescent particles to identify the pattern of fine grained sediment dispersion over the intertidal flats. The dominant sediment transport direction detected was towards the southeast during a westerly storm, and a significant concentration of tracer particles accumulated in the approach channel. Sediment depth of disturbance rods on the intertidal flats indicate that sediment mixing depths were generally less than 1.5 cm due to shallow disturbance created the movement of small (h = 1.0-1.5 cm) wave ripples. Depth of sediment disturbance increased to between 2.0 and 3.0 cm associated with storm periods. The maximum sediment mixing depth recorded by sedimentation rods was 6.2 cm. Similar mixing depths of 2.5 cm were recorded during mixing depth experiments involving short cores through buried dyed sediment and vertical mixing of fluorescent tracer particles. Fluorescent tracer was mixed to a maximum depth of 17 cm, which was not attributed to wave action but rather to bioturbation. Six monthly beach surveys indicated 2.5 cm of accretion occurred over the mid tide region on the northern intertidal flats. This volume of sediment accretion accounts for approximately half of the dredgings material dumped on the intertidal flats. The remaining dumped sediment was resuspended by wave action and either transported back into the approach channel to Pine Harbour Marina, or removed from the area in suspension. Within 9 months of dredging of the approach channel, an average of 0.5 m of sediment deposition occurred along the northern side of the landward 700 m of approach channel. This was estimated to be approximately 5,250 m³ ± 2,100 m³ of sediment infilling the channel. The increased rate of sediment infilling the approach channel is attributed to natural sediment accumulation combined with the rapid transportation of some dredgings sediment back into the channel. Initially dredgings sediment appeared to consolidate in situ, but became dispersed as a shallow layer extending up to 100 m over the intertidal flats north of the approach channel. Over the course of the investigation the dredge mounds were observed to be eroded by small drainage channels which became incised into the silty sediment at various locations transporting fine sediment from the dredge mound and intertidal flats into the approach channel. Some 12 months after dredging, the dredge mounds were dissipated and only remnant blocks of gravel to boulder sized fragments of bed rock were left. This investigation has shown that a significant amount of dredge spoil deposited on the northern intertidal flats during the 1994 dredging operation became transported back into the approach channel within 9 months of the completion of the dredging works. An alternate disposal site for future maintenance dredging works in the approach channel at a further distance from the channel edge would reduce the likelihood of "recycling" of dredged material. Possible alternate disposal options for management of dredge spoil from future maintenance dredging could include: sidecasting disposal further from the channel; offshore disposal site - adjacent or distant; contained disposal; or landfill

Perceptions of Basic School Teachers and Parents of the Causes and Effects of Child Labour on School Attendance at Selected Surburbs of Sekondi- Takoradi

This study was undertaken to ascertain the relationship between Teachers and parents’ perception of child labour and their commitment to educating their children. The communities used for the study were Nkontompo, Sofokrom, Essipong, Assorkor Essaman Yabiw and Kojokrom. The target population consisted of all Teachers of the selected schools and parents whose wards were in the schools. The accessible population was made up of Teachers teaching at the Primary and JHS excluding the teachers at the KG levels. The Snowball sampling technique was used to select sixty (60) parents whiles the purposive technique was used to select sixty (60) teachers for the study. In all, the total sample size used was one hundred and twenty (120). The main research instrument used in gathering data was the questionnaire. The conduct of the research was guided by three Research questions. The statistical tools used for the analysis were frequency and percentage distributions and the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient. The study revealed that even though teachers are more committed to ensuring that pupils are enrolled and retained in school, they need to be more proactive especially in following up to absentee children and their parents. Key words: Child labour, drop out, child retention, teacher commitment, parent commitmen

Budgett's frog (Lepidobatrachus laevis): A new amphibian embryo for developmental biology

AbstractThe large size and rapid development of amphibian embryos has facilitated ground-breaking discoveries in developmental biology. Here, we describe the embryogenesis of the Budgett's frog (Lepidobatrachus laevis), an unusual species with eggs that are over twice the diameter of laboratory Xenopus, and embryos that can tolerate higher temperatures to develop into a tadpole four times more rapidly. In addition to detailing their early development, we demonstrate that, like Xenopus, these embryos are amenable to explant culture assays and can express exogenous transcripts in a tissue-specific manner. Moreover, the steep developmental trajectory and large scale of Lepidobatrachus make it exceptionally well-suited for morphogenesis research. For example, the developing organs of the Budgett's frog are massive compared to those of most model species, and are composed of larger individual cells, thereby affording increased subcellular resolution of early vertebrate organogenesis. Furthermore, we found that complete limb regeneration, which typically requires months to achieve in most vertebrate models, occurs in a matter of days in the Budgett's tadpole, which substantially accelerates the pace of experimentation. Thus, the unusual combination of the greater size and speed of the Budgett's frog model provides inimitable advantages for developmental studies—and a novel inroad to address the mechanisms of spatiotemporal scaling during evolution

The Iowa Homemaker vol.4, no.12

Table of Contents How Shall the Family Invest Its Savings? by Dr. Hazel Kyrk, page 1 The Home Economics Vodvil by Thirza Hull, page 2 The Junior-Senior Banquet by Alma Riemenschneider, page 3 With the Iowa State Home Economics Association by Avis Talcott, page 4 Electricity in the Home by Fred C. Fenton, page 5 Perennials for Perpetual Bloom by Juanita Beard, page 6 Editorial, page 7 The Eternal Question, page 8 Who’s There and Where by Pearl Harris, page 9 Homemaker as Citizen, page 9 Spring Offers Us a Change by Margaret Taylor, page 10 A Spring Tonic by Viola Jammer, page 1

A Community-Driven Intervention for Improving Biospecimen Donation in African American Communities

Introduction Human biospecimens are an invaluable resource for addressing cancers and other chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of an educational intervention on biospecimen knowledge and attitudes. Methods The participants consisted of 112 African Americans, 18 years and older, and who had not provided biospecimens for any health-related research in the past. A total of 55 participants received the educational brochure, and 57 received the educational video. The main outcomes of the study were knowledge and attitudes for biospecimen donation. This information was collected pre- and post-intervention. Results The average knowledge scores increased (p \u3c 0.0001) and the average attitude scores for biospecimen donation improved (p \u3c 0.0001) post-intervention for both the video and brochure conditions. There was an interaction between the intervention condition and knowledge where the participants who received the educational video showed a greater increase in knowledge pre-to-post compared to those who received the educational brochure (p = 0.0061). There were no significant interactions between the two intervention conditions for attitudes toward biospecimen donation. Discussion The results of this study demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of an academic institution collaborating with the African American community in developing educational tools for biospecimen donation

Gender differences and access to a sports dietitian influence dietary habits of collegiate athletes

BACKGROUND: Limited research exists on the effect of a sports dietitian (SD) on athletes’ dietary habits and nutrient periodization, which is the deliberate manipulation of macronutrient intake to match training goals. Further, the difference in dietary habits between men and women collegiate athletes has been understudied. A survey questionnaire examining dietary habits and practices was administered to athletes at two universities that employed a full time SD. Not all athletes used the SD as their primary source for nutritional guidance. The purposes were to examine the effect of a SD as a primary source of nutrition information, and the effect of gender on dietary habits in collegiate athletes. METHODS: Three hundred eighty-three women (n = 240) and men (n = 143) student-athletes (mean ± SD: age = 19.7 ± 1.4 years) from 10 collegiate sports took a 15-min survey consisting of questions on dietary habits and practices. Topics queried included eating habits, breakfast habits, hydration habits, nutritional supplementation use, pre-workout nutrition, post-workout nutrition, nutrition during team trips, and nutrient timing. Data were sorted by the athlete’s source of nutritional information (i.e., sport dietitian, other). Data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics and 2-way Pearson X(2) analyses (p ≤ 0.10). RESULTS: When a SD was indicated as the primary nutrition information source, athletes appeared to have a greater understanding of nutrient periodization (47.12 % vs. 32.85 %), were more likely to have school-provided boxed meals while on team trips (21.29 % vs. 6.77 %), and also less likely to consume fast food while on team trips (9.90 % vs. 19.55 %). Men athletes consumed fast food or restaurant meals more frequently, had higher weekly and more frequent alcohol intake during the competitive season. Women athletes were more likely to prepare meals, eat breakfast 7 days a week, and have school-provided boxed meals. CONCLUSIONS: Positive effects on dietary habits were observed when a SD was the primary nutrition information source. Practitioners should be aware of the gender differences in alcohol intake, fast food consumption, and knowledge of nutrient periodization. Collegiate athletes and athletic staff members could benefit from SD access to safeguard against dietary habits detrimental to performance

Scn1b deletion in adult mice results in seizures and SUDEP

Pathogenic lossâ ofâ function variants in SCN1B are linked to Dravet syndrome (DS). Previous work suggested that neuronal pathfinding defects underlie epileptogenesis and SUDEP in the Scn1b null mouse model of DS. We tested this hypothesis by inducing Scn1b deletion in adult mice that had developed normally. Epilepsy and SUDEP, which occur by postnatal day 21 in Scn1b null animals, were observed within 20 days of induced Scn1b deletion in adult mice, suggesting that epileptogenesis in SCN1Bâ DS does not result from defective brain development. Thus, the developmental brain defects observed previously in Scn1b null mice may model other coâ morbidities of DS.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149575/1/acn3785.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149575/2/acn3785_am.pd